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Is $250,000 really middle class?

How is it that a quarter-million dollars of income has come to represent the dividing line between the middle class and the wealthy?

By MSN Money Partner Oct 17, 2012 4:44PM

This post comes from Alicia Munnell at partner site SmartMoney.

 

SmartMoney logoIt seems as though no one reads the Census Bureau's annual publication "Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States" for anything but the number of people in poverty. The parts I find most interesting are those pertaining to the level and distribution of income. The numbers go to the heart of conversations about the "middle class" and the "rich."

 

Couple stood outside of villa © Image Source, Image Source, Getty ImagesBoth President Barack Obama and Gov. Mitt Romney have adopted household income of $250,000 as a meaningful demarcation point for defining the middle class. In the case of the president, he proposes to retain the Bush tax cuts for households with less than $250,000 and eliminate the tax cuts for those above that threshold. Romney, in a recent ABC interview, offered the same definition of the middle class: "Middle income is $200,000 to $250,000 and less."

 

Where does this concept of $250,000 as the appropriate cutoff come from? According to the data in the Census Bureau report shown in Table 1 below, which presents the thresholds for being in different parts of the income distribution, the median household in 2011 had an income of $50,054. A household with an income of $143,611 was at the 90th percentile point, or in the top 10th of the income distribution. A household with an income of $186,000 was at the 95th percentile, or in the top 5%. The table does not even show households with $250,000, but they must be in the top 97th or 98th percentile.

 

Table 1. Household Income at Selected Percentiles, 2011

Percentile

Dollar limit

10th

$12,000

20th

$20,262

50th (median)

$50,054

80th

$101,582

90th

$143,611

95th

$186,000

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2011." Table A-2.

 

The thresholds must be interpreted with caution, because households include old and young, urban and rural, coastal and midland, and small and large. But it is very hard to understand how anyone could think of $250,000 as the middle. It seems as if both candidates have a mental picture of the very rich and everyone else.

The "very-rich-vs.-everyone-else" framework may come from data on the share of income earned by various households. Here the census data show that those in the top quintile -- the highest-earning 20% -- earn more than the bottom four quintiles combined (see Table 2). That is, the top 20% receives more income than the bottom 80%.

 

Table 2. Shares of Household Income by Quintile, 2011

Quintile

Share

Lowest quintile

3.2

Second quintile

8.4

Third quintile

14.3

Fourth quintile

23.0

Highest quintile

51.1

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2011." Table A-2.

 

And a recent study by economist Emmanuel Saez shows that within the top quintile the distribution is also very skewed, so that the top 1% receives about 20% of total income.

 

Thus, while the $250,000 threshold makes no sense in describing the middle class, it seems like a relevant divide for defining where the money is. Nevertheless, dividing the nation's households into the "wealthy" and "the middle class" doesn't seem like a useful exercise. It pits the majority of Americans against the top 1% or 2%.

 

It suggests that the majority of Americans should not be called upon to solve the nation's fiscal problems. It violates the notion that we are all in this together. Yes, the rich can contribute more, but we can all contribute something.

 

More on SmartMoney/MarketWatch and MSN Money:

772Comments
Oct 18, 2012 12:21PM
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If a family is earning $250,000/year and lives in a larger city or suburb they are not rich.  Aside from income taxes (Fed, State, Local) they are likely paying very high property taxes also.  They likely have a large monthly mortgage payment.  Since both people are working, they likely have 2 car payments and daycare expenses.  Health insurance, homeowner's insurance, auto insurance, life insurance...  They are likely contributing to their own retirement plan/401K.  They are not receiving any federal aid/grants for their children's college education and are likely paying between $20K-$40K per year for college.  They typically donate more to charity than other people. 

 

It goes on and on and doesn't leave these families feeling "rich".  People in this range are truly what this country is all about.  Hard-working, self-sufficient, generous and the people who keep this economy going by being reliable consumers.

 

If you people are going to focus your anger on "the rich" at least know what you're talking about.

Oct 18, 2012 12:18PM
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President Obama and Govenor Mitt Romney,  have to extrapolate on the financial issues.  I never made over $50,000 per year in any of the  last 30 years of my life and actually make $20,000 less per year in the last three years.  I could say $250,000 would last me for five years considering my income of $50,000 per year.  Except for inflation and the national debt eroding the dollar to worthless paper, I don't really know how long $250,000 would last me at this time moving forward?
Oct 18, 2012 12:01PM
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I interpret the article as saying saying $250K is the highest end of middle class, not "average" middle class.  I'd say middle class is a range, somewhere from $70K to $250K.  With two professionals working $250K is not unrealistic.

Oct 18, 2012 12:00PM
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The big problem here is that the $250,000 figure is gross income, not net income.  If you pay all of your bills and taxes and have $250,000 left over at the end of the year, then no you are not "middle class," but that's not how they present the figure.  You might get $250k in receipts or payments but you still have to pay office or store space, buy your product, pay your employees, probably pay a student loan and then all of your other expenses.  At the end of the year, you may have $5,000 left for a vacation.  That's why the $250,000 is considered middle class by small business owners and general practitioner physicians - yes, they have that much coming in, but that's not what's left over at the end of the year....
Oct 18, 2012 11:59AM
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The bottom line is that the middle class (50K - 120K) are disproportionately taxed. The rich use their companies to funnel their finances and avoid being taxed. For example, buying cars/artwork, etc. under their company. There are sooo many loopholes that they are the ones not paying their fair share of taxes. What makes it worse is that you are penalized for being single and not having kids. So I'm expected to pay more taxes just because I am single and don't have kids??? If I am not using the school system, why should I pay more into it? In order to have any sort of comfortability you have to make a 2 person household salary as a single person. So why do I need my money less according to the government? It's simply ridiculous how the whole ILLEGAL federal tax system is setup.
Oct 18, 2012 11:57AM
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if you live and work in one of the metro areas like san fran or nyc and you make 250 grand there is no way u feel rich. between the rent and the cost of living and any other debts, student loans, etc that will consume probably 90% of that 250 grand
Oct 18, 2012 11:57AM
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I interpret the article as saying saying $250K is the highest end of middle class, not "average" middle class.  I'd say middle class is a range, somewhere from $70K to $250K.  With two professionals working $250K is not unrealistic.
Oct 18, 2012 11:56AM
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This $250K figure is about as ridiculous as the claim that the average hourly wage in the US is $30 an hour.  For a couple of years, my CPA wife and I, both college educated, had a combined gross yearly income of around $100K, and we thought we we in tall cotton.  But that income was only for a couple of years, and for most of our 26 year marriage, our combined gross income was closer to $50K to $70K a year, which really isn't all that good after taxes.  Most people never even approach a $30 an hour wage.  My wife did for a short time, but I never made over $20 an hour at my peak, and worked for years for anywhere from $6 an hour to $15 an hour.  Still, our house is paid for and we have no debt because we have always lived on less than we made, and made a point to build a retirement.  This $250K a year to be "middle class" just shows how truly out of touch with reality the candidates are.
Oct 18, 2012 11:56AM
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I agree with you
16 hours ago. I thought I was middle class all my life ! NOW I find out I'm in the poor section. I cant work due to medical issues with my back and legs, Social Secuirt Disability has denied me 3 times, yet how am I supposed to live? Come on People, look at real life , not what the politicians, presidents, congress, senators, etc are making. Think about the low income class who doesn't  have the money to pay electric bills, dont have cell phones or cars to even get to the grocery store and are living in poverty wondering what, when or if they are going to eat again!
Oct 18, 2012 11:53AM
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The middle class is everybody who is not rich and not poor! People who bring in millions each year are rich. People who bring in whatever is around the poverty line are poor. Everyone else is middle class, and that can be subdivided into lower-middle and upper-middle.

A combined family income of $250,000 is technically upper middle class, but middle class nonetheless. The rich make much more than that. Ask your celebrities, professional athletes,bankers and debutantes if they could live on $250,000 a year. They waste that much on a party.

The range of being middle class is huge. Just because two people combined earn more than you doesn't mean they are automatically rich.

 

 

Oct 18, 2012 11:52AM
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I also would have to say 250k is on the verge of being upper but by far not rich. our situation lived off 35 to 50k from 1998 to 2010. during that time wife with through med school,  residency had two kids lived modestly. student loans for school. Finally get out make 200k my 50k puts us at 250. I drive paid for ford. wife a toyota prius cause gas so freaking high, nice house finally but only 300k, 120k in student loans to pay back, trying to save because for 12 years didn't have the money. Now everyone wants to tax us more cause we make 250k. Its bullcrap we may not be struggling right now but we have in the past while we were earning our chance at a good life. And another thing all these tax breaks for the so called rich you say we get, there are none. no longer get to claim child credit among many others. Only thing we get is mortgage deduction( which is not much remember 300K House) and charitable donations thats it. Paid over 50% last year with state and local taxes and we are in Mississippi. So I pay my damn fair share, enough is enough
Oct 18, 2012 11:48AM
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Why politicians insist on embellishing or skewing reality is beyond me, are we so gullible? In general, our leaders have an unrealistic view of were the middle class income originates. Certainly where you live in the country affects the income/cost of living ratio and may limit the opportunities available to affect that ratio.  With that said, if our political leaders truly wish lesion any notion of penalizing an income bracket then we, as a nation, need to begin discussions on a Flat Tax.  Until that happens, it will be business as usual and begs the question, which power brokers do you really believe? Money still buys elections.

Oct 18, 2012 11:46AM
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Everyone's comments are so valid.  My husband and I just retired after working a combined 98 years (in the private sector).  The $250,000. middle income bracket helps us to see our perceived middle class status is really upper or middle poor.  Our one adult child and spouse oth work (also for the private sector).  They have two young children.  Based on the $250,000. they might just scratch the upper poor status.  Middle income should allow two earners with two young children to make a mortgage payment, one or two car payments, food on the table, gas in the car, utilities, clothing, insurance for home, auto and life an emergency fund, savings and an annual vacation. I don't know where the numbers are coming from or who is feeding Washington the numbers but they are far from average.  80% of the working people don't make anywhere near $250,000.  Maybe the numbers would be more realistic if they came from the IRS.

Oct 18, 2012 11:46AM
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Due the ecomony my wife and I live in different areas. We can't afford to sell the house in suburban Atlanta and my job took me to No. VA. where we now have a second home. We file our taxes seperately as when I moved we refinanced the GA home in her name, the VA home is in my name. I live in the "richest county in America" and my income is right at the medium household income in the county, my wife is in the second highest income county in GA and her income is 15% higher than the mean. We are not rich, we live comfortably take vacations, max our 401K and have 1 years emegery funds (mortage, utilities, taxes) for each house in regular savings. We consider ourselves upper middle class, we make charitable contributions etc. Yet our combined incomes is slightly less than Mitten's lower end figure fo rmiddle class.

 

He has no idea about the citizens of this country that cannot afford to belong to country clubs, yatch clubs or have their own private aircraft.

 

Also I currently pay about 12 percentage points less on my income tax today than when Ronald Reagan was president, after his tax cuts. This country does need tax reform and going back to the Clinton era rates is a good begining, across the board at all income levels.

Oct 18, 2012 11:41AM
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$250K is good pay, but I don't consider it "rich" by any means.  As a professional I make about $150K, but the cost of living is very high and I am house poor (monthly payment is close to $4,000).  IMO "rich" would be a household income of $1M or more.
Oct 18, 2012 11:39AM
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These fools call $250k middle class so they can include themselves based on their congressional salary. if you take 50% of everything from the rich, who combined earn a total of around $750 billion, it won't put a dent into fixing the problem. The problem is their incessant spending and giving away money, like bankrupt green companies, bank bailouts etc. and bloating the free-stuff bandwagon moochers.

 

The easy solution is a VAT, the more you consume the more you pay. Exempt clothes up to say $250 per purchase, food (groceries, not caviar). Someone buying a Hyandai for $15K pays say $1,500, someone that buys a $150k lamboghini pays $15,000. The rich that buy boats etc will be forced to pay more. Those of us that don't buy lots of stuff wil be relieved. This way no loopholes, or shinanigans.

 

Then do what Romney wants, eliminate write-offs but lower the marginal rates. Over the past 20 years my federal tax rate has been between 15-17% of gross income, while my tax bracket is defined as the 36% level. Eliminate deductions and everyone pays 20%. Of course this is way to simple so therefore be greek to the bureaucrats

Oct 18, 2012 11:35AM
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Gee, my wife & I felt we were 'middle class' until we heard about this newest milestone. With a combined AGI of less than 30,000 last year, we would have to earn almost 9 years of our pay in a single year in order to make it to the middle class. 
      Yet we don't receive any government handouts. We both work, and comfortably manage to pay our ($298) mortgage payment on our house. We have no car payments, and no cell-phone bills or cable TV bills. My '95 S-10 pickup (that I bought in '99) has over 193,000 miles on it, and my wife's '99 Escort (that she bought in '05) has over 86,000 miles on it as well. Eventually we'll have to replace these, and we'll look for something that's 5 or 6 years old rather than wasting our hard-earned $$ on some new vehicle with an idiotic touch-screen in the dash.
     We don't own a boat, (other than a 10-year old canoe) or a 4-wheeler, or a jet-ski, or a snowmobile. We have no need for cell-phones or iPads or bluetooth anything. We still check out books from the library. We get new (to us) board games at our local thrift store for 25 or 50 cents and find hardcover novels there as well, usually for $1.00. And if we want to go camping in the summer, we use a tent. 
     We splurge occasionally. We go to Pottery Barn once in a while, even though we feel looked-down-upon there when we show up wearing jeans and t-shirts. We went to an Aerosmith concert this past summer; that was fun. We go for walks when the weather's nice and we feel lucky to have the lifestyle we lead. We're better off than a lot of people, yet we're so far away from 'middle class'. Who knew?
Oct 18, 2012 11:30AM
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$250 is not rich by any means UNLESS you are a single adult who has been earning this income for at least a few years. If you are a family man who has only recently earned his way up to this income then it's barely enough and does not make you rich. It also depends on where you live. If you are using that money to put four members of society (aka my kids) through college, and have a wife that stays home to raise these members of society so they are productive adults then NO this is barely enough. But we've made sacrifices all along (no day care will raise my children, no vacations, no fancy cars, no fancy house) and I have only recently came into this income as the result of very very hard work.  It's disheartning to hear now that I may be considered rich.  Now what? If I'm taxed even more then college for my kids, and my wife staying home to raise them is in jeopardy. How is that a good thing for society?? Will this push folks into considering a two parent income where kids are left to be raised by day cares and people who will never care for them like their parents?

Oct 18, 2012 11:29AM
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Honestly, I neither know nor care whether it's middle class or not.  My wife and I manage nicely (kid grown and out of college - yeah!!) on annual gross of around $80K per year.  We're certainly NOT rich.  Definitely NOT poor.  Can't get some stuff I'd like to have.  Blow money on other things I want but don't need.  Give to charitable causes as much as possible.  All in all, a good life.

 

I honestly don't give a rats #$$ who makes more than me and what they have that I don't.  This whole conversation is in my view, pointless.

Oct 18, 2012 11:28AM
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I see alot of people posting here who are making excuses for their high income and saying we make 250K per year but were not well off because it's expensive where we live or our taxes are high...waaa, waaa, waaa...

 

if your family income is over 80K per year your doing alright, if your over 120k per year your doing better than alright..but if your family income is 250K per year, your not midle class anymore..No excuses !....you would not be able to afford that place in NYC if you were middle class....and I really dont give a rats **** how hard you think you worked to make that much or if your college education helped you get there, there are plenty of us who work long hours and break our backs but dont make half what you do..

 

So lets call it like it is and stop complaining and be glad you live in a country where you can make that much .....I'd love to be making 250K a year...I would not waste it living in NYC or Chicago or LA...

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